<文摘>Difference in Kind / Difference in Degree

>本文摘自 ATLAS OF TECTONICS by Reiser + Umemoto

We would say that classical architecture is like a game of chess. Following Gilles Deleuze’s analogy of the games of Chess and Go, architectural order are like chess pieces: they have a clear, fixed identity and a range of moves within that identity. Chess, finally, is semiotic. Any transformation beyond the prescribed moves remains in the realm of deviation, because in this system change can only be referenced in kind, by its relation to a fixed model. The manner of such deviation is limited to elaboration or deformation- in effect, mannerist and baroque versions of the original.

In contrast, our work operates at time like a game of Go, wherein each element has no intrinsic and stable meaning outside its contextual relationships. One strand in a meshwork, or one Go piece, is no different from another. Meaning is acquired in relation to the specific behavior and effects we are seeking in a given zone of a project. For example, the tension rods in a meshwork generate a column-like zone of structure that is at once structural and atmospheric. To the classicist, a column is a column and no more. Where the classic model deploys the orderly alternation of columns and inter columnar spaces(infill ornament), we deploy a continuous rod field with degree of greater and lesser density, the denser areas acting in a column-like manner, displaying column-like traits. These areas shade off into zones that act predominantly as ornamental screens. In this model, no clear distinction exists between ornament and structure, as neither occupied distinct zones.

>說明
Difference in Kind - They have a clear and fixed identity. In chess, each piece has its own specific rules that it must follow and its own particular characteristics. Similarly, classical architectural orders follow that same logic.
差異在“種類”- 他們有清楚確定的特性, 在西洋棋中, 每種棋有它特殊的規則必須遵守其特殊屬性. 相似地, 建築的秩序也遵循上述相同邏輯.
Difference in Degree - Difference in degree in contrast, has no intrinsic meaning outside of its contextual relationships. It is its relation to its neighbor that creates difference within the whole. You can find zones within the overall that display different characteristics. In the game of Go, every piece is alike, but it is how they are formed together that creates the game.
差異在“程度”-程度的差異則相反的都沒有內在的意義之外的上下文關係, 這是關係到其相鄰者，產生群體中個別差異的特質。您可以找到群體內顯示不同的特質。在圍棋比賽，每一棋子是相似，但它們群組而形成這個遊戲。

>應用
在建築設計中, 其形式幾何原則, 常用自然現象的邏輯關係類比或轉化. 此時, 便可以此種思考幫助歸納設計邏輯之關係, 並且可幫助思考相異(variation)存在之必然性.